自动检测异常轨迹是智能运输系统中大量应用的重要问题。许多现有的研究集中在区分异常轨迹和正常轨迹上，忽略了异常轨迹之间的巨大差异。最近的一项研究在鉴定异常轨迹模式方面取得了长足进步，并提出了一种两阶段算法，用于异常轨迹检测和分类（ATDC）。该算法具有出色的性能，但受到了一些局限性，例如高时间的复杂性和不良的解释。在这里，我们对ATDC算法进行了仔细的理论和经验分析，表明可以简化两个阶段的异常得分的计算，并且该算法的第二阶段比第一阶段重要得多。因此，我们开发了一种FastATDC算法，该算法在两个阶段都引入了随机抽样策略。实验结果表明，FastATDC在实际数据集上的速度比ATDC快10到20倍。此外，FastAtDC优于基线算法，与ATDC算法相当。

人类翻译的文本以同一语言显示出与自然书面文本的不同特征。这种现象被称为翻译人员，被认为是将机器翻译（MT）评估混淆。但是，我们发现现有的翻译工作忽略了一些重要因素，结论主要是相关的，但不是因果关系。在这项工作中，我们收集了Causalmt，这是一个数据集，其中MT培训数据还标有人类翻译方向。我们检查了两个关键因素，即火车测试方向匹配（是否对齐训练和测试集中的人类翻译方向）和数据模型方向匹配（该模型是否沿与人类翻译方向相同的方向学习数据集）。我们表明，这两个因素对MT的性能具有很大的因果影响，除了测试模型方向不匹配的情况下，现有工作对TranslationEse的影响强调了。鉴于我们的发现，我们为MT培训和评估提供了一系列建议。我们的代码和数据在https://github.com/edisonni-hku/causalmt上

我们考虑将人体网格重建模型调整为域外流媒体视频的新问题，其中现有的基于SMPL的模型的性能受到不同相机参数，骨长，背景和闭塞的分布换档的显着影响。我们通过在线适应来解决这个问题，逐渐在测试期间纠正模型偏差。有两个主要挑战：首先，缺乏3D注释增加了培训难度并导致3D模糊。其次，非静止数据分布使得难以在拟合常规帧和硬样之间的平衡，具有严重的闭塞或戏剧性的变化。为此，我们提出了动态Bilevel在线适应算法（Dynaboa）。它首先介绍了用于补偿不可用的3D注释的时间约束，并利用BileVel优化过程来解决多目标之间的冲突。 Dynaboa通过使用类似的来源示例提供了额外的3D指导，尽管分布换档。此外，它可以自适应地调整各个帧上的​​优化步骤的数量，以完全适合硬样品并避免过度拟合常规帧。 Dynaboa在三个域名人网格重建基准上实现最先进的结果。

Digital engineering transformation is a crucial process for the engineering paradigm shifts in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), and artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical enabling technology in digital engineering transformation. This article discusses the following research questions: What are the fundamental changes in the 4IR? More specifically, what are the fundamental changes in engineering? What is digital engineering? What are the main uncertainties there? What is trustworthy AI? Why is it important today? What are emerging engineering paradigm shifts in the 4IR? What is the relationship between the data-intensive paradigm and digital engineering transformation? What should we do for digitalization? From investigating the pattern of industrial revolutions, this article argues that ubiquitous machine intelligence (uMI) is the defining power brought by the 4IR. Digitalization is a condition to leverage ubiquitous machine intelligence. Digital engineering transformation towards Industry 4.0 has three essential building blocks: digitalization of engineering, leveraging ubiquitous machine intelligence, and building digital trust and security. The engineering design community at large is facing an excellent opportunity to bring the new capabilities of ubiquitous machine intelligence and trustworthy AI principles, as well as digital trust, together in various engineering systems design to ensure the trustworthiness of systems in Industry 4.0.

Transformers are becoming increasingly popular due to their superior performance over conventional convolutional neural networks(CNNs). However, transformers usually require a much larger amount of memory to train than CNNs, which prevents their application in many low resource settings. Local learning, which divides the network into several distinct modules and trains them individually, is a promising alternative to the end-to-end (E2E) training approach to reduce the amount of memory for training and to increase parallelism. This paper is the first to apply Local Learning on transformers for this purpose. The standard CNN-based local learning method, InfoPro [32], reconstructs the input images for each module in a CNN. However, reconstructing the entire image does not generalize well. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for each local module, where instead of reconstructing the entire image, we reconstruct its input features, generated from previous modules. We evaluate our approach on 4 commonly used datasets and 3 commonly used decoder structures on Swin-Tiny. The experiments show that our approach outperforms InfoPro-Transformer, the InfoPro with Transfomer backbone we introduced, by at up to 0.58% on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, STL-10 and SVHN datasets, while using up to 12% less memory. Compared to the E2E approach, we require 36% less GPU memory when the network is divided into 2 modules and 45% less GPU memory when the network is divided into 4 modules.

Dense prediction tasks such as segmentation and detection of pathological entities hold crucial clinical value in the digital pathology workflow. However, obtaining dense annotations on large cohorts is usually tedious and expensive. Contrastive learning (CL) is thus often employed to leverage large volumes of unlabeled data to pre-train the backbone network. To boost CL for dense prediction, some studies have proposed variations of dense matching objectives in pre-training. However, our analysis shows that employing existing dense matching strategies on histopathology images enforces invariance among incorrect pairs of dense features and, thus, is imprecise. To address this, we propose a precise location-based matching mechanism that utilizes the overlapping information between geometric transformations to precisely match regions in two augmentations. Extensive experiments on two pretraining datasets (TCGA-BRCA, NCT-CRC-HE) and three downstream datasets (GlaS, CRAG, BCSS) highlight the superiority of our method in semantic and instance segmentation tasks. Our method outperforms previous dense matching methods by up to 7.2 % in average precision for detection and 5.6 % in average precision for instance segmentation tasks. Additionally, by using our matching mechanism in the three popular contrastive learning frameworks, MoCo-v2, VICRegL and ConCL, the average precision in detection is improved by 0.7 % to 5.2 % and the average precision in segmentation is improved by 0.7 % to 4.0 %, demonstrating its generalizability.

Autonomous driving is an exciting new industry, posing important research questions. Within the perception module, 3D human pose estimation is an emerging technology, which can enable the autonomous vehicle to perceive and understand the subtle and complex behaviors of pedestrians. While hardware systems and sensors have dramatically improved over the decades -- with cars potentially boasting complex LiDAR and vision systems and with a growing expansion of the available body of dedicated datasets for this newly available information -- not much work has been done to harness these novel signals for the core problem of 3D human pose estimation. Our method, which we coin HUM3DIL (HUMan 3D from Images and LiDAR), efficiently makes use of these complementary signals, in a semi-supervised fashion and outperforms existing methods with a large margin. It is a fast and compact model for onboard deployment. Specifically, we embed LiDAR points into pixel-aligned multi-modal features, which we pass through a sequence of Transformer refinement stages. Quantitative experiments on the Waymo Open Dataset support these claims, where we achieve state-of-the-art results on the task of 3D pose estimation.

Traffic forecasting has attracted widespread attention recently. In reality, traffic data usually contains missing values due to sensor or communication errors. The Spatio-temporal feature in traffic data brings more challenges for processing such missing values, for which the classic techniques (e.g., data imputations) are limited: 1) in temporal axis, the values can be randomly or consecutively missing; 2) in spatial axis, the missing values can happen on one single sensor or on multiple sensors simultaneously. Recent models powered by Graph Neural Networks achieved satisfying performance on traffic forecasting tasks. However, few of them are applicable to such a complex missing-value context. To this end, we propose GCN-M, a Graph Convolutional Network model with the ability to handle the complex missing values in the Spatio-temporal context. Particularly, we jointly model the missing value processing and traffic forecasting tasks, considering both local Spatio-temporal features and global historical patterns in an attention-based memory network. We propose as well a dynamic graph learning module based on the learned local-global features. The experimental results on real-life datasets show the reliability of our proposed method.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive nervous system disorder that has affected more than 5.8 million people, especially the elderly. Due to the complexity of its symptoms and its similarity to other neurological disorders, early detection requires neurologists or PD specialists to be involved, which is not accessible to most old people. Therefore, we integrate smart mobile devices with AI technologies. In this paper, we introduce the framework of our developed PD early detection system which combines different tasks evaluating both motor and non-motor symptoms. With the developed model, we help users detect PD punctually in non-clinical settings and figure out their most severe symptoms. The results are expected to be further used for PD rehabilitation guidance and detection of other neurological disorders.

This paper introduces a structure-deformable land-air robot which possesses both excellent ground driving and flying ability, with smooth switching mechanism between two modes. The elaborate coupled dynamics model of the proposed robot is established, including rotors, chassis, especially the deformable structures. Furthermore, taking fusion locomotion and complex near-ground situations into consideration, a model based controller is designed for landing and mode switching under various harsh conditions, in which we realise the cooperation between fused two motion modes. The entire system is implemented in ADAMS/Simulink simulation and in practical. We conduct experiments under various complex scenarios. The results show our robot can accomplish land-air switching swiftly and smoothly, and the designed controller can effectively improve the landing flexibility and reliability.